intel 82599网卡(ixgbe系列)术语表
Intel® 82599 10 GbE Controller Datasheet
15.0 Glossary and Acronyms 术语表
缩写 | 英文解释 | 中文解释 |
1 KB | A value of 1 KB equals 1024 bytes. | |
1’s complement | A system known as ones' complement can be used to represent negative numbers in a binary system. The ones' complement form of a negative binary number is the bitwise NOT applied to it. | |
2’s complement | A system of two's-complement arithmetic represents negative integers by counting backwards and wrapping around. Any number whose left-most bit is 1 is considered negative. | two's-complement 二进制补码 arithmetic 算法 negative integers 负整数 最左 left-most |
1000BASE-BX | 1000BASE-BX is the PICMG 3.1 electrical specification for transmission of 1 Gb/s Ethernet or 1 Gb/s fibre channel encoded data over the backplane. | PICMG是工业计算机制造协会 https://www.picmg.org/ 1000BASE-BX是这个组织指定的传输规范 |
1000BASE-T | 1000BASE-T is the specification for 1 Gb/s Ethernet over category 5e twisted pair cables as defined in IEEE 802.3 clause 40. 1000BASE有四种传输介质标準：1000BASE-LX、1000BASE-SX、1000BASE-CX、1000BASE-T。 | 1000BASE-T使用非禁止双绞线作为传输介质传输的最长距离是100米。1000BASE-T不支持8B/10B编码方式， |
1000BASE-BX | 1000BASE-BX is the PICMG 3.1 electrical specification for transmission of 1 Gb/s Ethernet or 1 Gb/s Fibre Channel encoded data over the backplane. | 电气规范 electrical specification fibre channel 光纤信道,光纤信道是一种高速网络技术标准（T11），主要应用于SAN（存储局域网） |
1000BASE-CX | 1000BASE-CX over specially shielded 150 W balanced copper jumper cable assemblies as specified in IEEE 802.3 Clause 39. | IEEE 802.3标准协议描述的是多种介质在1-10mb/s局域网解决方案（以太网） |
10GBASE-BX4 | 10GBASE-BX4 is the PICMG 3.1 electrical specification for transmission of 10 Gb/s Ethernet or 10 Gb/s Fibre Channel encoded data over the backplane. | |
10GBASE-CX4 | 10GBASE-CX4 over shielded 100 W balanced copper jumper cable assemblies as specified in IEEE 802.3 Clause 54. | |
AAD | Additional Authentication Data input, which is authenticated data that must be left un-encrypted. ACK Acknowledgement | |
ACK | Acknowledgement | |
ACPI | Advanced Configuration and Power Interface — ACPI reset is also known as D3hot-D0 transition. AEN Address Enable | |
AER | Advanced Error Reporting | |
AFE | Analog Front End | |
AH | IP Authentication Header — An IPsec header providing authentication capabilities defined in RFC 2402 For an example of an AH packet diagram see below: • Next Header: Identifies the protocol of the transferred data. • Payload Length: Size of AH packet. • RESERVED: Reserved for future use (all zero until then). • Security Parameters Index (SPI): Identifies the security parameters, which, in combination with the IP address, then identify the Security Association implemented with this packet. • Sequence Number: Monotonically increasing number, used to prevent replay attack • Authentication Data: Contains the integrity check value (ICV) necessary to authenticate the packet; it may contain padding. | |
AN | Auto negotiation | Auto-Negotiation可以看作成一种主动地协商方式,具有这种功能的设备会主动与对方协商,并且 等待对端返回协商结果,它不仅能够协商两端的工作速度 |
AN | Association Number | |
APIC | Advanced Programming Interrupt Controller | 高级可编程中断控制器(Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC)) 一个中断控制器架构,通常多见于 Intel32 位架构(IntelArchitecture-based 32-bit)的 PC 系统 |
APM | Advanced Power Management | 高级电源管理 |
APT | Advanced Pass Through mode | |
ARI | Alternative Routing ID capability structure– This is a new capability that allows an interpretation of the Device and Function fields as a single identification of a function within the bus. | Alternative Routing-ID Interpretation,顾名思义,可替换的Routing ID,意味着这是一种要把Routing ID的部分或全部替换掉的机制 |
ARP | Address Resolution Protocol | 地址转换协议, ARP是一个通过解析网络层地址来找寻数据链路层地址的网络传输协议 |
b/w or BW | Bandwidth | 带宽，频宽，带宽值，频宽值 |
backbone | A bus shared by many clients for example a management backbone or a host backbone | 一个被很多客户端共享的总线 |
BAR | Base Address Register | 基址寄存器 |
BCN | Backward Congestion Notification | 向后拥塞通知 |
BCNA | BCN Address | |
BDF | Bus/Device/Function | |
BER | Bit Error Rate | 误码率; 位错误率; 位误码率; 比特差错率; 比特错误率 |
BIOS | Basic Input/Output System. | 基础的输入输出系统 |
BIST | Built-In Self Test | 内建自检 |
BKM | Best Known Method | |
BMC | Baseboard Management Controller | BMC(Baseboard Management Controller)即基板管理控制器，是IPMI(Intelligent Platform Management Interface)协议即智能平台管理接口所定义的服务器管理体系中的核心组件 |
BME | Bus Master Enable | PCIe有个寄存器位 Bus Master Enable。这个bit置1后,PCIe设备就可以向Host发送DMA Read Memory和DMA Write Memory请求 |
BT | Byte Time. | 字节时间 |
BYTE alignment | Implies that the physical addresses can be odd or even. Examples: 0FECBD9A1h, 02345ADC6h. | BYTE alignment 字节对齐（这个资料很多） |
BWG | Bandwidth Group | bandwidth 带宽 |
CA | Secure Connectivity Association (CA): A security relationship, established and maintained by key agreement protocols, that comprises a fully connected subset of the service access points in stations attached to a single LAN that are to be supported by LinkSec. | |
CAM | Content Addressable Memory | |
Ciphertext | Encrypted data, whose length is exactly that of the plaintext. | |
CFI | Canonical Form Indicator | |
CM-Tag | Congestion Management tag | |
concurrency | The concurrent (simultaneous) execution of multiple interacting computational tasks. These tasks may be implemented as separate programs, or as a set of processes or threads created by a single program. | 并发 |
corner case | A problem or situation that occurs only outside of normal operating parameters — specifically one that manifests itself when multiple environmental variables or conditions are simultaneously at extreme levels. For example, a computer server may be unreliable, but only with the maximum complement of 64 processors, 512 GB of memory, and over 10,000 signed-on users. From Wiki. | 边界情况 |
CPID | Congestion Point Identifier –which should include the congestion point Ethernet MAC Address, as well as a local identifier for the local congestion entity, usually a queue in the switch. | 拥塞点标识 |
CRC | Cyclic Redundancy Check A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is a type of function that takes as input a data stream of unlimited length and produces as output a value of a certain fixed size. The term CRC is often used to denote either the function or the function's output. A CRC can be used in the same way as a checksum to detect accidental alteration of data during transmission or storage. CRCs are popular because they are simple to implement in binary hardware, are easy to analyze mathematically, and are particularly good at detecting common errors caused by noise in transmission channels. From Wiki | 循环冗余检验,是基于数据计算一组效验码,用于核对数据传输过程中是否被更改或传输错误 |
CRS | Carrier Sense Indication. | 载波感应指示 |
CSMA/CD | 802.3 Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Domain Ethernet LCI-2 Interface to an external LAN Connected Device to provide wired LAN connectivity. | |
CSR | Control / Status Register | 控制状态寄存器 CSR，全称为：Control and Status Register，寄存器的缩写 |
CTS | Cisco Trusted Security | 思科可信安全 |
D0a D0 Active | Active fully operational state. Once memory space is enabled all internal clocks are activated and the LAN Controller enters an active state. | 针对acpi( PCI 电源管理)电源管理协议,ACPI主要是从硬件抽象的角度来抽象硬件 ACPI即高级电源管理 D状态（Device state） ACPI协议所定义的计算机电源的几种管理状态 官方工作组: https://acpica.org/ https://acpica.org/downloads/ |
D0u D0 uninitialized | The D0u state is a low-power state used after PCI Reset (SPXB Reset) is de-asserted following power up (cold or warm), or on D3 exit. | 针对acpi,D0u是一个低功耗状态会被设置，在pci被重置之后 |
D3Hot | In D3 the LAN Controller only responds to PCI configuration accesses and does not generate master cycles. | 针对acpi( PCI 电源管理),D3(关)设备电源状态拆分为两个子状态：D3hot 和 D3cold 这种区分已添加到ACPI 3.0 中的 ACPI 规范，并在 ACPI 4.0 中扩展 |
D3Cold | Power Off if Vcc is removed from the device and all of its PCI functions transition immediately to D3 cold. When power is restored a PCI Reset must be asserted. | 针对acpi( PCI 电源管理),D3(关)设备电源状态拆分为两个子状态：D3hot 和 D3cold 将设备置于 D3cold 并不意味着已切断供给设备的所有电源 — 它仅表示切断了主电源 Vcc。如果唤醒逻辑不需要辅助电源Vaux，也可能会将其切断 |
Dr | Internal Power management state when minimal function is provided (WoL, Manageability) | |
DA | Destination Address | 目的地址 |
DAC | Digital to Analog Converter | 数字模拟转换器 |
DAC | Dual Address Cycle messages | 双地址循环消息(DAC芯片) |
Data Frame | FC Frames that carry read or write data. | Fibre Channel 光纤通道（Fibre Channel可以称为FC协议，或FC网络、FC互联） FC帧－光纤通道帧 FC协议栈 |
DBU | Data Buffer Unit | 数据缓冲单元 |
DCA | Direct Cache Access | 直接内存访问 |
DCB | Data Center Bridging. | IEEE 提出的数据中心桥接技术 主要包含IEEE 802.1Qbb Priority-based Flow Control（PFC）、IEEE 802.3bd Frame Format for RFC、IEEE 802.1Qaz Enhanced Transmission Selection（ETS） and Data Center Bridging eXchange（DCBX）、IEEE 802.1Qau Congestion Notification、IEEE 802.1Qbh Port Extender。 DCB技术是针对传统以太网的一种增强，为了实现以太网不丢包，这种增强型的以太网叫无损以太网，顾名思义就是保证以太网络不丢包。实现这种网络的目的为了解决FCOE（Fibre Channel Over Ethernet：简单的说就是最新的融合网络技术、使传统存储FC网络协议可以在以太网络中运行的一个新技术，这种新协议叫FCOE）协议在以太网络中传输时保证不丢包。因为FCOE技术实际上就是运行在以太网的FC协议，而FC协议是不允许丢包的，所以为了实现FCOE协议在以太网传输不丢包，引入了DCB增强以太网技术。最终实现以太网和新的存储协议FCOE都能在以太网络中正常运行。所以把这样的网络称为融合网络。 |
DCX | DCB Configuration Exchange protocol | DCB=PFC + ETS |
DDP | Direct Data placement | Direct Data Placement,简称为DDP,是iWARP协议栈的核心成员 https://www.freepatentsonline.com/7012918.pdf |
DFT | Testability | 可测试性 |
DFX | Design for * | |
DHCP | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (protocol for automating the configuration of computers that use TCP/IP) | |
DLLP | Data Link Layer Packet /PCIe | 数据链路层包（ACK/NAK协议），DLLP一般指的是由发送端的数据链路层发送，接收端的数据链路层接收的数据包 一般用于Ack/Nak机制、功耗管理、Flow Control（流量控制）和一些厂商自定义用途 |
DMTF NC-SI | Distributed Management Task Force BMC-NIC interconnect for management | https://www.dmtf.org/documents/pmci/network-controller-sideband-interface-nc-si-specification-100 https://www.dmtf.org/sites/default/files/standards/documents/DSP0222_1.0.0.pdf |
DQ | Descriptor Queue. | 描述符队列 |
DSP | Digital Signal Processor | 数字信号处理器 |
DUT | Device Under Test | 集成电路(IC) |
DWORD (Double-Word) alignment | Implies that the physical addresses may only be aligned on 4-byte boundaries; i.e., the last nibble of the address may only end in 0, 4, 8, or Ch. For example, 0FECBD9A8h. | DWORD 字节对齐 |
EAPOL | Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN | EAPOL 的全称为 Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN，即 EAP Over Lan，也即基于局域网的扩展认证协议。EAP是一个普遍使用的认证机制，它常被用于无线网络或点到点的连接中。EAP不仅可以用于无线局域网，而且可以用于有线局域网。EAP是一个认证框架，不是一个特殊的认证机制。EAP提供一些公共的功能，并且允许协商所希望的认证机制。这些机制被叫做EAP方法，现在大约有40种不同的方法 |
EAS | External Architecture Specification. | Protocol Specification (协议规格) External Architecture Specification.外部架构规范 |
ECC | Error Correction Coding | 纠错编码,ECC是“Error Correcting Code”的简写，ECC是一种能够实现“错误检查和纠正”的技术，ECC内存就是应用了这种技术的内存，一般多应用在服务器及图形工作站上，可提高计算机运行的稳定性和增加可靠性 |
ECRC | End to End CRC | 循环冗余校验(CRC) End to End 端到端 END-To-END Testing 端到端测试 |
EDB | End Data Bit | Intel的防病毒技术是EDB（Excute Disable Bit） |
ECC | Error Correction Coding | ECC是一种能够实现“错误检查和纠正”的技术 |
EEPROM | Electrically Erasable Programmable Memory. A non-volatile memory located on the LAN controller that is directly accessible from the host. | 电可擦编程只读存储器(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) |
EHS | External Heat Sink | 外部散热片 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/heatsinks |
EOP | End-Of-Packet; when set indicates the last descriptor making up the packet. | End-Of-Packet 结束包 例如：FIN --- 结束标志,ACK --- 确认标志,不同的数据包结束包标记可能不一样 End-Of-Packet; when set indicates the last descriptor making up the packet. 当设置结束包时，表示构成数据包的最后一个描述符 |
EP | End point | 端点,终端 |
ESN | Extended Sequence Number | 扩展的序列号 |
E-SOF | FCoE Start of Frame | FCoE：Fibre Channel over Ethernet 以太网光纤通道 FC：Fibre Channel 光纤通道 FCoE是一个把Fibre Channel(FC)中的帧(Frame)封装到一个增强的以太网(Ethernet)中的传输协议标准,它应用与组件存储网络 |
ESP | IP Encapsulating Security Payload — An IPsec header providing encryption and authentication capabilities defined in RFC 4303. The Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) extension header provides origin authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality protection of a packet. ESP also supports encryption only and authentication-only configurations, but using encryption without authentication is strongly discouraged. Unlike the AH header, the IP packet header is not accounted for. ESP operates directly on top of IP, using IP protocol number 50. ESP fields: • Security Parameters Index (SPI): See AH • Sequence Number: See AH • Payload Data: See AH • Padding: Used with some block ciphers to pad the data to the full length of a block. • Pad Length: Size of padding in bytes. • Next Header: Identifies the protocol of the transferred data. • Authentication Data: Contains the data used to authenticate the packet. | |
EUI | IEEE defined 64-bit Extended Unique Identifier | IEEE：电气和电子工程师协会 １．ieee定义了６４位的扩展唯一标识，以太网接口的接口标识(Interface Identifier)是基于EUI-64(64-bit extended unique identifier)标识的。而该网卡的EUI-64标识是由网卡内建的48位IEEE802地址扩展的 ２．64 位 EUI 64 地址是由电气和电子工程师协会 (IEEE) 定义的。将 EUI-64 地址指派给网络适配器，或从 IEEE802 地址派生得到该地 https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7421 |
Extension Header | IPv6 protocol. | 扩展报头, 扩展首部，ipv6协议 |
Fail-over | fail-over is the ability to detect that the LAN connection on one port is lost, and enable the other port for traffic. | 故障切换,：这是一种能力，当检测到局域网连接在某端口出现问题时，会启用其他端口来进行传输 |
FC | Fiber Channel | 光纤通道 |
FC | Flow Control. | 流程控制 |
FCoE | Fiber Channel over Ethernet | 以太网光纤通道 |
FC Exchange | Complete Fiber Channel Read or Fiber Channel Write flow. It starts with the read or write requests by the initiator (the host system) till the completion indication from the target (the remote disk). | |
FCS | Frame Check Sequence of Ethernet frames | 帧检测：以太网的帧队列 |
FC Sequence | A Fiber Channel Exchange is composed of multiple Fiber Channel sequences. ...... | fc队列 A Fiber Channel Exchange is composed of multiple Fiber Channel sequences |
FC Frame | Fiber Channel Frames are the smallest units sent between the initiator and the target. The FC-FS-2 spec define the maximum frame size as 2112 bytes. Each Fiber Channel frame includes an FC header and optional FC payload. It can also may include Extended headers and FC optional headers. Extended headers are not expected in FCoE network and FC optional headers may not be used as well. | |
FCP_RSP Frame | Fiber Channel control Frames that are sent from the target to the initiator which defines the completion of an FC read or write exchange. | |
FEC | Forward Error Correction | |
FEXT | Far End Crosstalk | |
Firmware (FW) | Embedded code on the LAN controller that is responsible for the implementation of the NC-SI protocol and pass through functionality | 固件 |
缩写 | 英文解释 | 中文解释 |
FLR | Function level reset An OS in a VM must have complete control over a device, including its initialization, without interfering with the rest of the functions. | |
FML | Fast Management Link | 快速管理链接 |
Fragment Header | An IPv6 extension Header | ipv6扩展帧头 |
Frame | A unit composed of headers, data and footers that are sent or received by a device. Same as a Packet | 帧：由单元组成的头部，数据和尾部 所谓数据帧（Data frame），就是数据链路层的协议数据单元，它包括三部分：帧头，数据部分，帧尾。其中，帧头和帧尾包含一些必要的控制信息，比如同步信息、地址信息、差错控制信息等；数据部分则包含网络层传下来的数据，比如IP数据包，等等。 |
FSM | Finite State Machine | 有限状态机 |
FTS | Fast Training Sequence | 快速训练序列 |
GbE | Gigabit Ethernet (IEEE 802.3z-1998) | 千兆比以太网; 千兆网; 千兆以太网; 千兆位以太网; 吉比特以太网 |
GMRP | GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (Cisco) | GARP组播注册协议 |
GPIO | General Purpose I/O | GPIO：通用输入输出口(general-purpose I/O port)--就是引脚 GPIO的优点(端口扩展器) |
GSP | Group Strict Priority | GSP算法是一个典型的序列模式挖掘算法 |
HBA | Host Bus Adapters （主机总线适配器） | FC网卡（Fibre Channel HBA）：一般也叫光纤网卡，传输协议为光纤通道协议 以太网卡：Ethernet Adapter ,传输协议为IP协议,一般通过光纤线缆或双绞线与以太网交换机连接。接口类型分为光口和电口。光口一般都是通过光纤线缆来进行数据传输，接口模块一般为SFP(传输率2Gb/s)和GBIC(1Gb/s),对应的接口为SC、ST和LC。电口目前常用接口类型为RJ45,用来与双绞线连接 ISCSI网卡（ISCSI HBA） |
Host Interface | RAM on the LAN controller that is shared between the firmware and the host. RAM is used to pass commands from the host to firmware and responses from the firmware to the host. | |
HPC | High — Performance Computing. | |
HT core option | Hyper Thread Intel's trademark for implementation of the simultaneous multithreading technology on the Pentium 4 microarchitecture. It is a more advanced form of Super-threading that debuted on the Intel Xeon processors and was later added to Pentium 4 processors. The technology improves processor performance under certain workloads by providing useful work for execution units that would otherwise be idle, for example during a cache miss. A Pentium 4 with Hyper-Threading enabled is treated by the operating system as two processors instead of one. From Wiki | |
I2C | Two Serial Management Interfaces | I2C(Inter-Integrated Circuit)总线是用于连接微控制器及其外围设备 注意SPI、I2C、UART三种串行总线协议的区别 |
IANA | Internet Assigned Number Authority | 因特网号码分配管理机构 |
ICV | 128-bits Integrity Check Value (referred also as authentication tag). used for LinkSec header and signature | |
IDS | Intrusion detection systems | 入侵检测系统 Intrusion 入侵 |
IFCS | Insert Frame Check Sequence of Ethernet frames | Ethernet frames 以太网帧 |
IFS | Inter Frame Spacing | 帧间距(IFS(InterFrame Spacing) 802.11中的帧间距不仅仅是连续发送的各帧之间用于彼此区分的间隔,还是对不同类型数据帧提供不同服务优先级的重要组成部分,是DCF机制重要的一部分) |
IKE | Internet Key Exchange | Internet密钥交换(IKE)是由Internet工程任务组(IETF)创建的一组支持协议 |
IOAT | I/O Acceleration Technology | i/o 加速技术 |
IOH | I/O Hub | IOH=Input Output Hub，也就是传统意义上部分北桥的功能，通过QPI总线与CPU相连 因为Intel的CPU已经把内存控制器（MCH）总线集成进了CPU，也就是说把传统意义上的北桥做进了CPU里。并不是MCH变成了IOH，而是MCH已经不需要存在在主板上了。IOH的功能已经逐渐整合到CPU中． 请查下: FSB总线(前端总线),HT总线（高速串行总线）,QPI总线（快速互联通道）,DMI总线（直接媒体接口，是Intel公司开发用于连接主板南北桥的总线，取代了以前的Hu）. |
IOV | Input Output Virtualization | |
IOV mode | Operating through an IOVM or IOVI | |
IOVI | I/O Virtual Intermediary: A special virtual machine that owns the physical device and is responsible for the configuration of the physical device. Also Known As IOVM | |
IOVM | I/O Virtual Machine: A special virtual machine that owns the physical device and is responsible for the configuration of the physical device. Also Known As IOVI | |
IP tunneling | IP tunneling is the process of embedding one IP packet inside of another, for the purpose of simulating a physical connection between two remote networks across an intermediate network. IP tunnels are often used in conjunction with IPSec protocol to create a VPN between two or more remote networks across a "hostile" network such as the Internet. | |
IPC | Inter Processor Communication. | |
IP — CPMP | Carrier Performance Measurement Plan | |
IPG | Inter Packet Gap | |
| ip sec | IP security) is a suite of protocols for securing Internet Protocol (IP) communications by authenticating and/or encrypting each IP packet in a data stream. IPsec also includes protocols for cryptographic key establishment. IPsec is implemented by a set of cryptographic protocols for (1) securing packet flows and (2) internet key exchange. There are two families of key exchange protocols. The IP security architecture uses the concept of a security association as the basis for building security functions into IP. A security association is simply the bundle of algorithms and parameters (such as keys) that is being used to encrypt a particular flow. The actual choice of algorithm is left up to the users. A security parameter index (SPI) is provided along with the destination address to allow the security association for a packet to be looked up. For multicast, therefore, a security association is provided for the group, and is duplicated across all authorized receivers of the group. There may be more than one security association for a group, using different SPIs, thereby allowing multiple levels and sets of security within a group. Indeed, each sender can have multiple security associations, allowing authentication, since a receiver can only know that someone knowing the keys sent the data. Note that the standard doesn't describe how the association is chosen and duplicated across the group; it is assumed that a responsible party will make the choice. From Wiki | |
iSCSI | Internet SCSI (iSCSI) is a network protocol standard, officially ratified on 2003-02-11 by the Internet Engineering Task Force, that allows the use of the SCSI protocol over TCP/IP networks. iSCSI is a transport layer protocol in the SCSI-3 specifications framework. Other protocols in the transport layer include SCSI Parallel Interface (SPI), Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) and Fibre Channel. From Wiki. | iSCSI是网络协议的标准 |
ISR | Interrupt Service Routine | 中断服务程序; 中断服务例程 |
ITR | Interrupt Throttling | |
IV | Integrity Value | |
IV | Initialization Vector | |
IV | Initial Value | |
KaY | Key agreement entity (KaY – in 802.1AE spec terminology) i.e. control and access the off loading engine (SecY in 802.1AE spec terminology) | |
KVM | Keyboard — Video — Mouse | |
LAN Auxiliary Power-Up | The event of connecting the LAN controller to a power source (occurs even before system power-up). | |
landing Zone requirements | General targets for the product. | |
LF | Local Fault | |
LinkSec (or MACsec, 802.1AE) | A MAC level encryption/authentication scheme defined in IEEE 802.1AE that uses symmetric cryptography. The 802.1AE defines an AES-GCM 128 bit key as a mandatory cipher suite which can be processed by the LAN controller. | |
LLC header | 802.2 defines a special header that includes a SNAP (subnetwork access protocol) header. Some protocols, particularly those designed for the OSI networking stack, operate directly on top of 802.2 LLC, which provides both datagram and connection-oriented network services. This 802.2 header is currently embedded in modern 802.3 frames (Ethernet II frames, aka. DIX frames). The LLC header includes two additional eight-bit address fields, called service access points or SAPs in OSI terminology; when both source and destination SAP are set to the value 0xAA, the SNAP service is requested. The SNAP header allows EtherType values to be used with all IEEE 802 protocols, as well as supporting private protocol ID spaces. In IEEE 802.3x-1997, the IEEE Ethernet standard was changed to explicitly allow the use of the 16-bit field after the Ethernet MAC Addresses to be used as a length field or a type field. This definition is from Wiki | |
LLDP | Link Layer Discovery Protocol | |
LLINT | Low Latency Interrupt | |
Local Traffic | In a virtual environment traffic between virtual machines. | |
LOM | LAN on Motherboard. | |
LP | Link Partner | |
LSC | Link Status Change | |
LS | Least significant / Lowest order (for example: LS bit = Least significant bit) | |
LSO | Large Send Offload, same as TSO | |
LSP | Link Strict Priority | |
LTSSM | Link Training and Status State Machine Defined in the PCIe specs. | |
MAC | Media Access Control. | |
MAUI | Multi Speed Attachment Unit Interface | |
MCH | Memory Controller Hub | |
MDC | Management Data Clock | |
MDI | Management Data Interface | |
MDIC | MDI Control Register | |
MDIO | Management Data Input/Output Interface over MDC/MDIO lines | |
MFVC | Multi-Function Virtual Channel Capability structure | |
MIB | Management Interface Bus | |
MIFS/MIPG | Minimum Inter Frame Spacing/Minimum Inter Packet Gap. | |
MMD | MDIO Managed Device | |
MMW | Maximum Memory Window. | |
Mod / Modulo | In computing, the modulo operation finds the remainder of division of one number by another. | |
MPA | Marker PDU(以太网帧) Aligned Framing for TCP | |
MPDU | MACSEC Protocol Data Unit including SecTag, User Data and ICV | |
MRQC | Multiple Receive Queues Command register | |
MS | Most significant / Highest order (for example: MS byte = Most significant byte) | |
MSFT RSS | Microsoft RSS specification | |
MSI | Message Signaled Interrupt | |
MSS | Maximum Segment Size | |
MTA | Multicast Table Array | |
MTU | Maximum Transmission Unit | |
NACK | Negative Acknowledgement | |
native mode | Used for GPIO pin that is set to be controlled by the internal logic rather than by software. | |
NC-SI | Network Controller — Sideband Interface | |
NEXT | Near End Crosstalk | |
Next Generation VMDq | SW switch acceleration mode–central management of the networking resources by an IOVM or by the VMM. Virtual Machine Devices queue (VMDq) is a mechanism to share I/O resources among several consumers. For example, in a virtual system, multiple OSs are loaded and each executes as though the whole system’s resources were at its disposal. However, for the limited number of I/O devices, this presents a problem because each OS may be in a separate memory domain and all the data movement and device management has to be done by a VMM (Virtual Machine Monitor). VMM access adds latency and delay to I/O accesses and degrades I/O performance. VMDs (Virtual Machine Devices) are designed to reduce the burden of VMM by making certain functions of an I/O device shared and thus can be accessed directly from each guest OS or Virtual Machine (VM). | |
NIC | Network Interface Controller. | |
NFTS | Number of Fast Training Signals | |
NFS | Network File Server | |
non-teaming mode | If the LAN is in non-teaming mode, the SMBus is presented as two SMBus devices on the SMBus (two SMBus addresses) | |
Nonce | 96-bits initialization vector used by the AES-128 engine, which is distinct for each invocation of the encryption operation for a fixed key. It is formed by the AES-128 SALT field stored for that IPsec flow in the Tx SA Table, appended with the Initialization Vector (IV) field included in the IPsec packet: | |
NOS | Network Operating System | |
NPRD | Non-Posted Request Data | |
NRZ | Non-return-to-zero signaling | |
NTL | No Touch Leakage | |
NTP | Network Time Protocol | |
OEM | Original Equipment manufacturer | |
Core | Network Interface Registers | |
Packet | A unit composed of headers, data and footers that are sent or received by a device. Also known as a frame. | |
Pass Filters | Needs Definition Packets that match this type of filter continue on to their destination | |
PB | Packet Buffer | |
PBA | The nine-digit (Printed Board Assembly) number used for Intel manufactured adapter cards. | |
PBA | Pending Bit Array | |
PBA | Printed Board Assembly |
| 缩写 | 英文解释 | 中文 |
PCS | Physical Coding Sub layer. | |
PDU | Protocol Data Units | 以太网传输的 PDU(Protocol Data Unit) 是以太帧(Ethernet frame) |
PF | Physical Function (in a virtualization context). | |
PFC | Priority Flow Control | 流程控制的优先级 |
PHY | Physical Layer Device. | 物理层设备 |
Plaintext | Data to be both authenticated and encrypted. | 数据需要经过身份验证和加密 |
PMA | Physical Medium Attachment | 物理介质附件 |
PMC | Power Management Capabilities | 电源管理能力 |
PMD | Physical Medium Dependent. | 物理介质依赖 |
PME | Power Management Event | 电源管理事件（如电池不足或操作挂起，功耗状态管理等） |
PN | Packet Number (PN) in a LinkSec context: Monotonically increasing value used to uniquely identify a LinkSec frame in the sequence. | |
Pool | Virtual ports | 虚拟端口: VPort (虚拟) 是一个数据对象,表示支持单根 I/O 虚拟化 (SR-IOV) 的网络适配器的 NIC 交换机上的内部端口 https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows-hardware/drivers/network/virtual-ports--vports- |
Power State D0a | Active fully operational state. Once memory space is enabled all internal clocks are activated and the LAN Controller enters an active state. | ACPI (ACPI表示高级配置和电源管理接口)Power States Dx是指某一个外设所处的电源状态，对用户不可见 |
Power State D0u | The D0u state is a low-power(低功耗,低功率;低位电源) state used after SPXB Reset is de-asserted following power-up (cold or warm), or on D3 exit. | 消耗最高的电能。设备完全使能，设备上下文被希望连续的保存 |
Power State D3Hot | A Power down state with the PCI continuing to receive a proper power supply | D3hot state的设备可被软件枚举。D3hot state可更多的电能消耗。在该state下，设备上下文是否被保存是可选的，即被能假设设备上下文已经被保存。如果设备上下文没有被保存，则会切换到D0，并由OS重新初始化。(设备主动进入D0，还是OS切换？) |
Power State D3Cold | A Power down state with the PCI also in a power down state. | Sleeping State Definitins如Gx state中所说，G1 state细分出几个子项，即Sleeping States。 与S2相似，不同的是处理器和系统cache上下文会丢失(OS负责维护cache和处理器上下文)。收到唤醒时间后，从处理器的reset vector开始执行。 S3 Sleeping State S4 Sleeping State 所有的系统上下文都会丢失。内存中的内容会保存到非易失存储介质中。OS负责上下文的保存与恢复。 S5 Soft Off State 设置S4，S5的目的在于让BIOS知道是执行正常启动还是从硬盘中恢复内存上下文。 |
Power State Dr | Device state when PCIe reset is asserted. | pcie重置为断言时的设备状态 |
Power State Sx | Lan Connected Device: SMBus(系统管理总线) Active and PCI Powered down. | 局域网连接驱动: 系统管理总线激活和pci电源关闭 |
PPM | Packet Processor Module | 包处理器模块 |
PRBS | Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence | 伪随机二进制序列 |
PT | Pass Through | |
PTP | Precision Time Protocol | 精确时间协议（PTP）是一种用于在整个计算机网络中同步时钟的协议。在局域网上，它可实现亚微秒级的时钟精度，使其适用于测量和控制系统。 IEEE 1588标准描述了用于时钟分配的分层主从体系结构。在这种体系结构下，时间分配系统由一个或多个通信媒体（网段）和一个或多个时钟组成。普通时钟是具有单个网络连接的设备，并且是同步基准源（PTP-master）或目标（PTP-slave）。边界时钟具有多个网络连接，可以准确将一个网段与另一个网段同步。为系统中的每个网段选择一个同步PTP-master。根定时基准称为grandmaster。它将同步信息传输到在其网段上的时钟。存在于该网段上的边界时钟随后将准确的时间中继到它们也连接到的其他网段 PTP消息使用基于Internet协议的用户数据报协议（UDP / IP）进行传输。 IEEE 1588-2002第1版仅使用IPv4传输，但已将其扩展为在IEEE1588-2008规范中包括IPv6。在PTPv1 IEEE1588-2002中，所有PTP消息均使用多播消息传递发送，而PTPv2 IEEE1588-2008则为设备提供了选项在逐个端口的基础上协商单播传输。组播传输使用IP组播编址，为IPv4和IPv6定义了组播组地址。 |
QoS | Quality of Service | 带宽调节, 服务质量包括传输的带宽、传送的时延、数据的丢包率等 |
QWORD (Quad-Word) alignment | Implies that the physical addresses may only be aligned on 8byte boundaries; i.e., the last nibble of the address may only end in 0, or 8. For example, 0FECBD9A8h(4274772392). | integer的整数型对齐 |
Receive latency | Measured from packet reception from the wire and until the descriptor is updated on PCIe. | 接收延迟 |
RDMA | Remote Direct Memory Access | RDMA就是指不通过操作系统(OS)内核以及TCP/IP协议栈在网络上传输数据，因此延迟(latency)非常低，CPU消耗非常少 What is RDMA?http://www.rdmamojo.com/2014/03/31/remote-direct-memory-access-rdma/ https://www.cnblogs.com/idorax/p/7243301.html |
RDMAP | Remote Direct Memory Access Protocol | RDMA协议 |
Relax ordering | When the strict order of packets is not required, the device can send packets in an order that allows for less power consumption and greater CPU efficiency | 乱序总线事务 |
RID | Requester ID | |
RLT | Rate-limited flag bit | 速率限制标识位 |
RMCP | Remote Management and Control Protocol (Distributed Management Task Force) | RMCP基于UDP协议实现(远程管理和控制协议) |
RMII | Reduced Media Independent Interface (Reduced MII) | MII即“媒体独立接口”，也叫“独立于介质的接口”。它是IEEE-802.3定义的以太网行业标准。它包括一个数据接口，以及一个MAC和PHY之间的管理接口。RMII全称为“简化的媒体独立接口”，是IEEE-802.3u标准中除MII接口之外的另一种实现。（此处内容来源于网络） |
RMII NC-SI | Reduced Media Independent Interface (Reduced MII). | NC-SI就是从主控制器的管理控制器和以太网控制器之前通信定义的协议,一般传 输是通过SMBus和I2C接口来传输的
|
RMON statistics | Remote Network Monitoring or Remote Monitoring | |
RPC header | Remote Procedure Call | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5531.html |
RS | Rate Scheduler | 速率调度器 |
RSC | Receive Side Coalescing coalesces incoming TCP/IP (and potentially UDP/IP) packets into larger receive segments | coalescing coalesces(结合) receive segments 接收段 |
RSS | Receive-Side Scaling is a mechanism to distribute received packets into several descriptor queues. Software then assigns each queue to a different processor, therefore sharing the load of packet processing among several processors | NIC 接收队列的 RSS(接收端的一种接收队列的方式) https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows-hardware/drivers/network/rss-with-hardware-queuing
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RSTD | Reset Sequence Done | 重置队列完成 |
RSTI | Reset Sequence in Process | 重置队列中 |
RTT | Round Trip Time | 延时 |
Rx, RX | Receive | |
| Ｔｘ | 发送 | |
SA | Security Association or source address | |
SA (in a LinkSec context) | Secure Association (SA): A security relationship that provides security guarantees for frames transmitted from one member of a CA to the others. Each SA is supported by a single secret key, or a single set of keys where the cryptographic operations used to protect one frame require more than one key | |
SAC | Single Address Cycle (SAC) messages | 单地址周期消息 |
SAK | Security Associations Key | 安全关联密钥 |
salt | In cryptography, a salt consists of random bits used as one of the inputs to a key derivation function. Sometimes the initialization vector, a previously generated (preferably random) value, is used as a salt. The other input is usually a password or passphrase. The output of the key derivation function is often stored as the encrypted version of the password. A salt value can also be used as a key for use in a cipher or other cryptographic algorithm. A salt value is typically used in a hash function. from Wiki | |
SAN | Storage Area Networks | 存储区域网络(Storage Area Network SNA),即通过特定的互连方式连接的若干台存储服务器组成一个单独的数据网络,提供企业级的数据存储服务 |
SAP | Service Access Point –an identifying label for network endpoints used in OSI networking. | |
SC | Secure Channel – Authentication and key exchange | 安全通道-认证和秘钥交换 |
SC | Secure Channel (SC): A security relationship used to provide security guarantees for frames transmitted from one member of a CA to the others. An SC is supported by a sequence of SAs thus allowing the periodic use of fresh keys without terminating the relationship. | |
SCI | Secure Channel Identifier A globally unique identifier for a secure channel, comprising a globally unique Ethernet MAC Address and a Port Identifier, unique within the system allocated that address. | |
SCSI | Small Computer System Interface is a set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices. The SCSI standards define commands, protocols, and electrical and optical interfaces. SCSI is most commonly used for hard disks and tape drives, but it can connect a wide range of other devices, including scanners, and optical drives (CD, DVD, etc. From Wiki. | https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19190-01/CRCM2169/CRCM2169.pdf https://www.t10.org/scsi-3.htm (scsi标准架构) https://www.t10.org/drafts.htm |
SCL signal | SM Bus Clock | 系统管理总线时钟 |
SCTP | Stream Control Transmission Protocol | 流控制传输协议 |
SDA signal | SM Bus Data | SMBus 为系统和电源管理这样的任务提供了一条控制总线 系统管理总线(SMBus)是一个两线接口 http://www.smbus.org/
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SDP | Software-Definable Pins | Software Definable Pins 中文翻译：软件定义的pin，也称为客户自定义pin 该缩写多用于电子行业，很多大规模集成芯片在对于内部电路的设计的时候，会在对外接口管脚中，留出一些作为客户自定义管脚信号 |
SecY | 802.1AE spec terminology Security entity | 802.1AE是一种二层封装技术，通过封装所有以太网针，从而实现加密的安全效果 |
Segment | subsections of a packet | 段 |
SerDes | Serializer(序列化) and De-Serializer(反序列化) Circuit | |
SFD | Start Frame Delimiter | 帧首定界符 |
SGMII | Serialized Gigabit Media Independent Interface | Gigabit 千兆位；千兆比特（相当于十亿比特的信息单位）；吉比特 Independent 独立的 |
SKU | subsets of features of a chip that can be disabled for marketing purposes. | subsets of features of a chip 芯片特征的子集 chip 芯片 |
SNMP | Standard Network Management Protocol https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1157 (rfc协议地址) | 标准网络管理协议 |
SMB | Semaphore Bit | 信号量位 |
SMBus | System Management Bus. A bus that carries various manageability components, including the LAN controller, BIOS, sensors and remote-control devices. | http://www.smbus.org/ |
SN | Sequence Number — contains a counter value that increases by one for each Ethernet frame sent. | 序列号 |
SNAP | Subnetwork Access Protocol https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/zos/2.2.0?topic=internetworking-subnetwork-access-protocol-snap (SNAP:SubNetwork Access Protocol) 子网络访问协议(SNAP)规范了在 IEEE802 网络上传输 IP 数据报的标准方法 | 子网络访问协议, 子网接入协议 |
SoL | Serial Over LAN Serial Over LAN is a mechanism that enables the input and output of the serial port of a managed system to be redirected via an IPMI (Internet Protocol Multicast Initiative) session over IP. | 是指通过基于IP的IPMI会话来重新定向系统中串口I/O的一种机制 |
SPD | Smart Power Down | 智慧电源关机 |
SPI | The Security Parameter Index is an identification tag added to the header while using IPSec for tunneling the IP traffic. This tag helps the kernel discern between two traffic streams where different encryption rules and algorithms may be in use. The SPI (as per RFC 2401) is an essential part of an IPSec SA (Security Association) because it enables the receiving system to select the SA under which a received packet will be processed. An SPI has only local significance, since is defined by the creator of the SA; an SPI is generally viewed as an opaque bit string. However, the creator of an SA may interpret the bits in an SPI to facilitate local processing. from Wikipedia | IPSec Internet Protocol Security(网络协议安全) spi RFC 2401 ---> https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2401 |
SPXB interface | PCI Express Backbone | pcie会替代pci,pci-x,agp(并行总线)等总线. https://www.rambus.com/blogs/pci-express-5-vs-4/ |
Spoofing | In computer networking, the term IP address spoofing is the creation of IP packets with a forged (spoofed) source IP address with the purpose to conceal the identity of the sender or impersonating another computing system. IP stands for Internet Protocol. from Wiki | ip address spoofing是一个术语,叫ip地址欺骗 |
SR-IOV | PCI-SIG single-root I/O Virtualization initiative | https://pcisig.com/ https://pcisig.com/specifications/review-zone |
SW Switch acceleration mode | Central management of the networking resources by an IOVM or by the VMM. Also known as VMDq2 mode. | SW Switch acceleration mode 开关加速模式 |
SWIZZLE | To convert external names, array indices, or references within a data structure into address pointers when the data structure is brought into main memory from external storage (also called pointer swizzling); | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21218304/what-is-pointer-swizzling |
Sx | Lan Connected Device: SMBus Active and PCI Powered down. | 局域网连接数倍：系统管理总线激活和pci电源关机 |
SYN Attack | A SYN attack is a form of denial-of-service attack in which an attacker sends a succession of SYN (synchronize) requests to a target's system. | SYN Attack是一种DOS攻击方式 |
TC | Traffic Class | 传输种类 |
TCI | For 802.1q, Tag Header field Tag Control Information (TCI); 2 octets. | 802.1q协议-IEEE 802.1q以及VLAN Tagging属于互联网下IEEE 802.1的标准规范 |
TCO | Total Cost of Ownership (Management) | What Is the Total Cost of Ownership? https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/totalcostofownership.asp |
TCP/IP | Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol | 传输控制协议 |
TDESC | Transmit Descriptor | 传输描述符 |
TDP | Total Device Power | 关于device power https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/power-device Total Device Power 设备总功率 |
TDR | Time Domain Reflectometry | |
Teaming Mode | When the LAN is in Teaming mode, the 82599 is presented over the SMBus as one device and has one SMBus address. | https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/windows/en-US/14a11616-29ee-45cc-900c-4818065c5193/nic-teaming-what-is-the-swicth-independent-mode-and-static-teaming-?forum=winserver8gen 网卡聚合模式-Teaming Mode |
TFCS | Transmit Flow Control Status | 传输流程控制状态 |
TLP | Transaction layer Packets | 传输层包 |
ToS | Type of Service | |
TPID | For 802.1q, Tag Header field Tag Protocol Identifier; 2 octets. | TPID(Tag Protocol Identifier，标签协议标识) |
TPPAC | Transmit Packet Plane Arbitration Control | 传输包平面仲裁控制 |
Transmit latency | Measured from Tail update until the packet is transmitted on the wire. It is assumed that a single packet is submitted for this traffic class and its latency is then measured in presence of traffic belonging to other traffic classes. | Transmit latenc y传输延迟
|
TS | Time Stamp | |
TSO | TCP or Transmit Segmentation offload — A mode in which a large TCP/UDP I/O is handled to the device and the device segments it to L2 packets according to the requested MSS. | |
TSS | Transmit Side Scaling | |
Tx, TX | Transmit | 传送,发送 |
UBWG | User Bandwidth Group | ULP |
UP |
| 缩写 | 英文解释 | 中文解释 |
| VF | Virtual Function– A part of a PF assigned to a VI | |
VI | Virtual Image – A virtual machine to which a part of the I/O resources is assigned. Also known as a VM. | |
VM | Virtual Machine | |
VMM | Virtual Machine Monitor | |
VPD | Vital Product Data (PCI protocol). | 重要产品数据协议 |
VT | Virtualization | |
WB | Write Back | |
WC | Worst Case | |
WfM | Wired for Management was a primarily hardware-based system allowing a newly built computer without any software to be manipulated by a master computer that could access the hard disk of the new PC to paste the install program. It could also be used to update software and monitor system status remotely. Intel developed the system in the 1990s; it is now considered obsolete. | |
WoL | Wake-on-LAN Now called APM Wake up or Advanced power management Wake up. | |
WORD alignment | Implies that physical addresses must be aligned on even boundaries; i.e., the last nibble of the address may only end in 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, Ah, Ch, or Eh. For example, 0FECBD9A2h. | |
WRR | Weighted Round-Robin | |
WSP | Weighted Strict Priority | |
XAUI | 10 Gigabit Attachment Unit Interface | |
XFP | 10 Gigabit Small Form Factor Pluggable modules | |
XGMII | 10 Gigabit Media Independent Interface | |
XGXS | ||
XMT Frame Transmit | Most Recent Transmit Buffer Tail Register content | |
| Bus Voltage | 例如：3.3 V | 总线电压 |
| PCI Specification Revision | pci规范修订 | |
| Cabling Type | 例如：Fibre optic（光学纤维） | 布线类型 |
| Max Transfer Distance | 例如：50 m | 最大传输距离 |
| Data Link Protocol | 例如：8Gb Fibre Channel | |
| Interface (Bus) Type | 总线类型或接口类型例如：PCI Express 2.0 x8 这里x8代表的是信道数量以及路径宽度，实际代表就是传输速度 |
ACPI表示高级配置和电源管理接口
ACK/NAK协议
post SAP-Garson
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